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COMPILED AND PUBLISHED BY 

RUSH a RUSH. PHOENIX, ARIZONA 



COPYRIGHT BY 

TILLMAN STOUT RUSH 
1922 



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ARIZONA STATE CAPITOL AT PHOENIX 

ARIZONA 

ARIZONA ! It is a land of romance and fascination. 
A land of bewitching scenery and unexcelled 
beauty. Its rocks and mountains bear mute tes- 
timony to its great age, while its rich fields of grain and 
alfalfa attest its newness from the standpoint of modern 
activities. 

From out the past there trails past the vision, ghosts 
of a pre-historic race, whose civilization was of no mean 
degree, judging from what the archaeologist uncovers 
in their long deserted ruins which dot many sections 
of the state. Then in a later age came the Spanish con- 
quistadors and the padres who built Missions and en- 
deavored to convert the savage to their religion. Last, 
but not least, even in romance and charm, came the 
pioneer, carrying his rifle by his side as he tilled the soil 
or herded his cattle, to protect himself from the blood- 
thirsty warriors of Victoria, Cochise and the crudest 
of them all, Geronimo. 

No less interesting, romantic or fascinating are the 
achievements of today, as one views the new cities and 
thriving hamlets that have sprung into existence within 




ROOSEVELT DAM, ARIZONA'S GREATEST ENGINEERING FEAT 

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FOUR BAR FLATS, SPRINGERVILLE ROAD 

the bounds of this youngest of the states of the Union. 
There are fertile fields of golden grain and green alfalfa, 
which have taken the place of the greasewood and mes- 
quite; orange groves and olive orchards; the earth 
yielding up her rich treasures of gold, silver and copper, 
because man has conquered by the cunning of his brain, 
and the energy latent in his hands. All this goes to make 
Arizona, indeed, the "Wonderland of America." 

No one visits this Wonderland who does not long to 
return, if only for a few months' sojourn. No one is ever 
disappointed in Arizona. Here is found the most elastic 
climate imaginable; the most variable scenery that can 
be had anywhere; the most diversified occupations 
obtainable. Here are experienced altitudes ranging from 
nearly sea level to almost two miles above. Here are 
temperatures extending from the tropical to perpetual 
snow. In Arizona is found the very best of the "Last 
West." Here in abundance are found the big game of the 
Rockies, the yelping wolf of the mountains, and the 
sneaking coyote in the arroyos; the mountain lion and 
bear in their cliff dwelling homes. 

Arizona is the healthiest state in the Union. The 
atmosphere is so clear and pure that the azure blue of 




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CLIFTON-METCALF ROAD 




SPECIMENS TAKEN FROM PREHISTORIC RUINS 

the sky cannot be equalled anywhere. At night the stars 
are more brilliant, and seem so close that one wants 
to reach up and touch them. Such is the effect of the 
Arizona atmosphere. And the sunsets — no artist's brush 
can ever do them justice, and no language has ever been 
conceived that can adequately describe them. Their 
gorgeous colorings are simply beyond the range of 
human language to portray. All visitors to Arizona are 
affected alike by what they see. Some one has said: 

"Sun land, dun land, rope and spur and gun land, 

What is your enchantment, that you hold me in my 
dreams? 
True land, view land, shade of every hue land, 

Mountain peaks and canons, cradled, dimpling, 
gleam. 
Glad land, sad land, poor old pagan bad land. 

Some day to the castle we shall find the key. 
Wild land, mild land, slumbering, much beguiled land. 
Then you shall awaken, glad and free." 




THE GRAND CANYON OF ARIZONA 




AMONG THE BIG PINES ON THE SPRINGERVILLE ROAD 

GREENLEE COUNTY 

IN the making of history, long before Arizona was a 
state and Greenlee a county, scenes were enacted 
within the borders of what is now Greenlee county, 
that had they been recorded, would loom large in Ameri- 
can annals; scenes where the soldier boy and his rifle 
matched the half naked savage with his bow and arrow 
and scalping knife. 

Within the borders of this county Geronimo and his 
savage hordes carried on much of their death-deahng 
cruelty. There were many victims of their savagery in 
the early days, and there are many yet living in Greenlee 
county, who passed through those trying times, when men 
lived in perpetual fear of being killed and scalped by the 
red skinned savages. 

At one time Greenlee county was a part of Graham 
but in 1909 pressure enough was brought to bear upon 
the 25th Legislative Assembly of the Territory of Ari- 
zona, to pass an act estabhshing the boundary of Green- 
lee county. 




VIEW FROM THE MULE CREEK ROAD 




A SCENE ON THE MULE CREEK ROAD 

An election was held in November, 1910, for the pur- 
pose of electing officers for the new county of Greenlee, 
and the first officers were: Sheriff, I. B. English; Treas- 
urer, John M. Webster; Recorder, John F. Burke; Dis- 
trict Attorney, E. V. Horton; Assessor, James H. Kerby; 
School Superintendent, J. W. Aker; Supervisors, B. F. 
Billingsley, George Webster, J. H. T. Gosper. There 
were several applicants for the county seat, Glifton and 
Duncan being the leading rivals. Glifton won the prize, 
and the new Gourt House was started on January 1st, 
1911, and was completed and occupied, September 
1st, 1912. 

When Greenlee became a county there was not a single 
good wagon road within its entire boundary ; only a few 
trails, and only one bridge in the whole county. Today, 
Greenlee county has nearly 200 miles of as fine auto 
roads as can be found in the state, and some of the most 
costly and substantial bridges that can be seen anywhere. 




TUNNELS ON METCALF ROAD 




MOUNTAINS ABOVE CLIFTON 

Greenlee county has not stopped in its improvements, 
but is continuing the road building program, so that in 
another year tourists will be able to cross it, either 
north or south, east or west, over the best auto roads 
in the country. 

To those interested in archaeology, Greenlee county 
offers a rich field of research among pre-historic ruins. 
Many specimens of pottery and stone implements 
are still to be found in these ancient dwelling places. In 
the mountains are remains of the CHff Dwellings, where 
there are evidences of an advanced civilization that 
existed long ages before Caesar ruled Rome. Even when 
the Spaniards explored this country, in the 16th century, 
these ruins bore mute evidence of long disuse, and were 
shrouded in as deep mystery as today. 

What became of that race of people, who peacefully 
tilled the soil and raised corn, cotton and beans? From the 
evidences of the charred corn, wood and bones which have 
been uncovered by the builders of the modern canals in 
the Duncan valley, may there not have been a great 




SPECIMENS FROM CLIFF DWELLINGS AND PREHISTORIC RUINS 




A PRETTY CURVE ON THE SPRINGERVILLE ROAD 

cataclysm of volcanic gas and heat, which wiped them 
out in the twinkhng of an eye? Evidences are still extant 
to support this theory. 

In Greenlee county are found the oldest mining 
camps in the state, Clifton and Morenci. Here are also 
found the richest copper deposits of the Southwest. 
Not only are these camps rich in mineral deposits, but 
some of the most picturesque scenery in the world is to 
be found around Clifton, Morenci and Metcalf. 

Tourists passing through Greenlee county will have 
missed much, and will have much to regret, if they do 
not visit the northern part of the county, which is the 
scenic part. The trip is one that will never be forgotten, 
and one of entrancing delights and joyful surprises. The 
road winds around the vari-colored cliffs, ever opening 
up new pleasure to the sightseer. The road from 
Clifton to Morenci is like an enchanted ribbon, appearing 
and disappearing with almost magic swiftness, as one 
climbs higher and higher. 

There are a number of hot springs throughout Green- 
lee county which show high medicinal values, and there 





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A VIEW ON THE MULE CREEK ROAD 




ALONG THE SPRINGERVILLE ROAD 

are possibilities latent in these various springs for those 
with initiative to establish sanatoriums. 

Greenlee county offers to the sportsman the best hunt- 
ing to be found anywhere in the state. There are quail, 
doves, whitewings, and cottontails in abundance; the 
last named may be shot at any time. For the hunts- 
man out for big game, there are offered the moun- 
tain lion, the bear, the deer and wild turkey, all of which 
are abundant in this county. 

ROADS 

WHILE Arizona is the youngest state in the Union, 
and Greenlee the youngest county in the state, 
Greenlee has the finest road system in the 
country. Beginning at the New Mexico line and running 
to the Graham county line, east and west, is the Bank- 
head Highway, which is an excellent gravel road and 
kept in splendid condition at all times of the year. 

From Duncan to Clifton, north, is one of the best 
roads of its kind in the state. North of Clifton through 
Metcalf, is the most scenic auto road in the world, 







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AT AN ALTITUDE OF ABOUT 8000 FEET ON THE SPRINGERVILLE ROAD 




ON THE ROAD FROM DUNCAN TO CLIFTON 

known as the Springerville road. As it goes into the 
mountains it winds through a heavily timbered region 
of exquisite beauty. Starting a few miles above Clifton, 
the engineers have laid out in a zigzag manner up the 
sides of the mountains, which were almost inaccessible 
to a horse in many places, one of the most splendid 
and by far the most scenic road in the country. It is 
not a narrow trail as is so often encountered by tourists 
in a mountain country, but a broad auto road, with 
no grade greater than eight per cent. In the laying 
out and building of this road an engineering feat as 
great as that of the Roosevelt dam has been accomplished. 

Another road of scenic beauty and great importance 
to the county of Greenlee is that known as the Mule 
Creek road, which branches off from the Duncan-CHfton 
road in a northeasterly direction. This is also a moun- 
tain road of great scenic beauty, and a great engineering 
feat in modern road building. 

It may be said much to the credit of Greenlee county 
that the roads are not built and then left to deteriorate, 
but modern machinery and a road gang keep the roads 
in a perfect condition at all times of the year. 

With all this wonderful road system the taxes of 
Greenlee county are not any higher than many other 




ROCKS SHOWING EROSION— CLIFTON-DUNCAN ROAD 



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SOME FINE GREKXLEE COUNTY HEREFORDS 

counties with less improvements, and not as high as 
some of them. This is due to the fact that the affairs of 
the county are administered by a Board of Supervisors 
who have the interests of the people at heart, and are 
heavy taxpayers themselves. 

THE DUNCAN VALLEY 

EMOTIONS akin to those which filled the hearts of 
the Children of Israel when they first set eyes 
upon the promised land, well up in the breast of 
the modern traveler at his first view of the Duncan 
Valley, nestled between towering mountains, with a 
river of life-giving water, for both soil and cattle, winding 
through its centre. 

Whether the tourist comes from the east or the west, 
his view is the same as he reaches the brow of the hill 
overlooking the valley; he involuntarily stops his car 
to gaze upon a scene of exquisite beauty and pastoral 
prosperity and contentment. 

If the tourist makes his advent at harvest time he sees 
fields of rich, waving, golden grain, ready for the reaper 
and garner. If his visit be made at any other time of 
the year the view is equally entrancing; fields of rich, 
verdant alfalfa, with herd after herd of sleek, grazing 




A ROUND-UP OF RANGE HORSES 




BIRDSEYE VIEW OF DUNCAN 

cattle. Even in winter one sees no bleak and barren 
waste, but perpetual spring everywhere the eye rests. 

The topography of the valley is the most advantageous 
that can be imagined. It is a long, narrow, level stretch 
of the most fertile land that can be found anywhere. 
An analysis of the soil shows it to contain an abundance 
of nitrogen, and composed of fine gravel, coarse sand, 
medium sand, fine sand and very fine sand, silt and clay, 
with more than 53 per cent. silt. It is the Gila river 
silty clay loam. 

Winding through the valley is the Gila river, which 
furnishes water for the cattle that feed on the ranges 
adjacent to the valley, and also irrigation water for the 
many fertile farms which have been developed along the 
banks of the river. At present there are about 54 miles 
of main irrigation canals in the valley, carrying water 
to about 4500 acres of farm land. There has just been 
formed a new irrigation district, under the laws of 
Arizona, with a new canal 18 miles in length, which, 
when the sheet dam is completed across the Gila river, 
to raise its subterranean flow, will take care of approxi- 
mately 3000 acres more land in the Duncan valley. 

There is a great deal of virgin land yet to be reclaimed 




FARM SCENE IN THE DUNCAN VALLEY 






STREET SCENE IN DUNCAN 

in the Duncan valley, and if a storage dam were built 
on the Gila river there could be at least 8000 acres more 
of fertile land put under cultivation, and thus add to 
the agricultural wealth of the valley and count3^ 

The valley, about 35 miles in length, is protected on 
either side by high rugged mountains, which add to its 
scenic beauty, and act as a protection from the chilly 
blasts of the north and the scorching winds of the south. 

The climate of the Duncan valley is ideal in every 
respect. The average rainfall for the past ten years was 
11.17 inches. In winter the days are just cool enough to 
be delightful, while in summer the heat is not so intense 
as in some other parts of the state, the altitude being 
3,643 feet. Conditions are such that the farmer is 
enabled to work the soil the entire year. The mean tem- 
perature at Duncan for the past ten years was about 63. 

Bumper crops are grown in the Duncan valley. Corn 
will average 100 bushels to the acre; barley from 70 to 
90 bushels; wheat from 50 to 70 bushels; alfalfa 6 to 7 
tons an acre, with four or five cuttings a year. With 
vegetables even better results are obtained. 

A part of the Duncan valley extends across the 
boundary line into New Mexico, but is all tributary to 
the town of Duncan. Conditions exist there as else- 
where in the valley, and there are some excellent farms 
in this localitv. 




A RANCH IN THE DUNCAN VALLEY 




SHEEP GRAZING IN THE DUNCAN VALLEY 

Duncan Valley being in such close proximity to the 
mining towns of Clifton, Morenei and Metcalf , the farmer 
finds a ready market for all farm produce at an excep- 
tionally good price. The farmers of the Duncan valley 
have another great advantage in the fact that they 
produce all they need, with the exception of a few 
groceries, and the clothing they wear. The corn and 
barley are used to fatten hogs and cattle; the wheat is 
sold to the local mill; the alfalfa is fed to the local dairy 
herds; all the range cattle are wintered on the farms, 
where they are fattened, killed and then marketed in 
the county. 

The transportation facilities of the valley are excellent, 
as the El Paso & Southwestern railroad runs through 
it, and the best highway system in the state, makes it 
possible for the farmer to transport his products to 
marketing points at a minimum cost by auto truck or 
team. 

The town of Duncan is the principal city in the valley, 
with a population of about 750, fifteen business houses, 
two garages, one bank, two hotels, restaurants, several 
churches, a grammar and a high school, unexcelled by 
any in the state. Duncan has Masonic and K. P. lodges. 




A DUNCAN VALLEY RANCH AND FRUIT ORCHARD 




1 TROPHIES OF A DAY'S HUNT NEAR DUNCAN 

2. CAVE DWELLING NEAR DUNCAN 

3. A CANYON NEAR DUNCAN 

4. CAVE DWELLINGS ON THE GILA RIVER NEAR DUNCAN 




ADOBE RANCH HOUSES— DUNCAN VALLEY 

The people of the Duncan valley are to be congratu- 
lated on having an institution such as the Bank of Dun- 
can in their midst. The bank was opened for business 
in 1908 with a capitalization of $25,000.00. The stock- 
holders have never received dividends of less than 20 
per cent per annum, and the surplus at the present time 
is S12,500.00. During the life of the institution the 
total resources have attained a maximum of $334,563.19. 
The bank's closest competitor is 32 miles distant. It has 
among its patrons large cattle men, substantial farmers, 
merchants and several mining companies. All of these 
make the bank their headquarters for the transaction of 
any business of importance, thus giving support to a 
home institution. The officers of the bank are always 
behind any project that will increase the resources of 
the valley and county. The fact that the resources of the 
bank are derived from such a diversity of sources causes 
it to be recognized as one of the strongest in the state. 

Duncan also has a flour mill which turns out fifty 
barrels per day of a product that cannot be excelled 
anywhere in the country. A new creamery has just 
been established with a daily capacity of 2,500 pounds 
of butter, 250 gallons of ice cream, and ten tons of ice. 
In connection with the creamery is a cold storage plant 




A DAIRY RANCH IN THE DUNCAN VALLEY 



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A RANCH SCENE IN THE DUNCAN VALLEY 

capable of caring for all the produce of the valley, such 
as dressed meat, eggs and dressed poultry. The Duncan 
Valley Utilities & Supplies Corporation is the promoter, 
and its plant includes a creamery, ice plant, refrigerating 
plant, electric light and power plant and water system. 
The electric plant produces sufficient current for the 
light and power needs of the town. The water system, 
which is at present being installed, is modern in every 
respect. The water is to be pumped into a reservoir above 
the town, and will flow through the mains by gravity. 
The mains are also to be connected directly with the well 
and pumps, thus assuring ample fire protection to the 
town. The corporation owning the creamery is planning 
the erection, in the near future, of a vegetable cannery, 
to care for the products of the valley. 

The educational facilities in the Duncan valley are 
equal to any found in the state. The high school pupils 
of the rural districts are transported daily to the Duncan 
Union High School, which has an up-to-date equipment, 
including a Radio set, second to none in the country. 
It is hoped that soon a system will be worked out whereby 
the grade pupils of the rural districts will be handled 
in the same manner, thus centralizing the educational 
forces of the valley. 

The cattle ranges adjacent to the Duncan valley are 




A HAYING SCENE AT FRANKLIN 




RANCH BUILDINGS IN THE DUNCAN VALLEY 

equal to any to be found in the southwest, and thousands 
of fine Herefords are bred thereon annually. 

Three miles east of Duncan, in the heart of the farm- 
ing district, is the new townsite of Franklin, located on 
the E. P. & S. W. railroad and the Bankhead Highway. 
At present there is a general store and blacksmith shop, 
which take care of the needs of the farmers of that 
district. All railway trains stop at Franklin, which is 
ideally located for the making of a large town as the 
valley grows. 

The growing of deciduous fruits adjacent to Franklin 
offers an opportunity of prolific promise. Wherever 
tried, peaches, pears, apricots, apples and plums produce 
exceptional crops of the most delicious fruit. All the 
fruit grown in the valley finds a ready market in the 
county at the highest prevaihng prices. 

As a health resort no place in the country excels the 
Duncan valley. It has the ideal chmate. Doctors find 
little to do here, other than to keep tab on the frequent 
visits of the stork. A movement is on foot to secure a 
large sanatorium for Duncan. 

There are two small hamlets in the Duncan valley on 
the Clifton road, Sheldon and York. Living in these 




TOWN OF FRANKLIN 




A VALLEY FARM SCENE IN DUNCAN VALLEY 

districts are several prosperous farmers and cattle men. 
Small stores are to be found in each place. 

In the mountains that surround the Duncan valley 
are several mining prospects, some of which have been 
developed to the extent that much valuable ore has been 
shipped. Among them are the mines at Ash Peak and 
CarHsle. Gold, Silver, Copper and Flourspar are found 
in paying quantities near Duncan, the principal shipping 
point. 

The Duncan Commercial Club is a live institution and 
is doing much to promote industry in the Duncan valley 
and Greenlee county. They are preparing plans for the 
erection of a large building in the center of Duncan for 
the display of Greenlee county products, and the dis- 
seminating of information concerning the county and 
its resources. Visitors, especially tourists, will always 
be welcome and every effort put forth to make them 
feel at home. A ladies rest room will be a feature of the 
building. The main object of the Club is to impress upon 
the tourist that western hospitality is more than mere 
newspaper talk. 




TUNNEL ON METCALF AUTO ROAD 



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LOOP ON SPRINGERVILLE ROAD 

In the Duncan valley are found a large number of 
Prehistoric ruins. Along the Gila river to the east, 
workmen in building irrigation canals have unearthed 
some very valuable specimens of pottery, stone imple- 
ments, beads and skeletons of a race long extinct. Near 
York are the outlines of several buildings. Most of 
these ruins are on a high point overlooking the river. 
From the arrow points, made of obsidian, one may 
judge that these prehistorics were artistic workmen of 
no mean degree. 

CLIFTON 

CLIFTON is the County seat of Greenlee county. 
It is reached from the south by auto road from 
Duncan, from the northeast by the Mule Creek 
road, from the north by the famous Springerville 
road, and by rail on the El Paso and Southwestern. 

Chfton is a mining town nestled away in the most 
picturesque mountains imaginable, 32 miles northwest 
of Duncan. A few years ago, as time is reckoned, the 
place where Chfton now stands was the haunt and 



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MOUNTAINS ABOVE CLIFTON 




STEEL BRIDGE AT CLIFTON OVER SAN FRANCISCO RIVER 

hiding place of savage hordes of Apache Indians, and 
many exciting and interesting incidents of those days are 
related by the old time residents who are still living in 
Greenlee county. 

The lure of Clifton today is not the possible chance 
to take a shot at some bloodthirsty savage, but treasures 
of gold, silver and copper hidden away in her hills and 
mountains, and to the sightseer the majestic rocks and 
mountains that smile at him on every side. It is the lure 
of an infinite variety such as lofty, towering mountains, 
vast, deep cavern-like canons with rock walls gorgeous 
in their colorings 

The wonderful climate of Clifton makes it a unique 
and ideal playground for the vacationist. The elevation 
is 3,465 feet and the average rainfall for the past ten 
years has been 11.85 inches. As a geological and miner- 
alogical treasure house, its equal cannot be found in 
the state, and it is doubtful if it can be surpassed any- 
where in the United States. 

A few miles from Clifton one may plunge into, and 
spend hours and even days in a virgin wilderness where 



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CHASE CREEK SCHOOL BUILDING— CLIFTON 




CHILDREN'S PLAYGROUND IN FRONT OF TOWN HALL, CLIFTON 

at night the lynx and Hon disturb his slumbers, and in the 
daytime the frightened deer stand and look surprised at 
the invasion of their domain. Winter and summer, nearly 
the same the year 'round, one finds a continuous round 
of pleasure and delightful surprises in and around Clifton. 

The sportsman will have no difficulty in equipping 
himself with a pack outfit and guide for a hunting or 
fishing trip into the mountains. If on a hunt he will find 
an abundance of deer, turkey and bear. In fact the best 
hunting ground in the state will be at his disposal. If 
bent on fishing, a day's journey will land him where he 
can enjoy the rarest of sport to a fisherman, that of 
filling his creel with speckled trout. 

CHfton is the hub of the district for all supplies, as it 
is the terminus of the railroad, and because of its ac- 
cessibility by auto roads. All supplies tor the road camps 
are freighted from the town by auto trucks. 

So thoroughly up-to-date are the contractors who are 
building the new Springerville road that they have a 
portable school house which is moved with the camp, 




BIRDSEYE VIEW OF CLIFTON FROM SMELTER HILL 




A VIEW OF SLAG DUMP AND SOUTH CLIFTON SHOWING SHANNON SMELTER 

and a teacher is employed to teach about 35 children 
of the Mexican laborers. 

Clifton is an incorporated city and is governed by a 
Mayor and Common Council. The City Hall is a building 
of architectural beauty, with council chambers, offices, 
fire engine room and jail, the latter now being used as 
sleeping quarters for the members of the fire department. 

Clifton has the most modern and complete fire 
fighting apparatus obtainable, which consists of an 
American La France Fire truck of 105 horse power, with 
connections to the fire plugs, of which there are 50 located 
throughout the city, rotary pump of 350 gallons per 
minute capacity, a 40 gallon chemical apparatus, 1000 
feet of large hose and 200 feet of chemical hose. There is 
a paid fire department. The alarm system is electrical, 
and of the latest type, such as is found in all large cities. 

Clifton has on exhibition in her city hall a very inter- 
esting souvenir of the olden days when freight was 
brought into that town by ox teams. The bell of the first 
locomotive used in Arizona, which was brought to 
Chfton from La Junta, Colorado by ox team in 1880, 




BIRDSEYE VIEW OF SOUTH CLIFTON 




TOP— HIGH SCHOOL, CLIFTON 

CENTRE— HILLS FLAT GRAMMAR SCHOOL, CLIFTON 

BOTTOM— HIGH SCHOOL AUDITORIUM, CLIFTON 




VIEW OF RESIDENCE SECTION, SOUTH CLIFTON 

hangs in the hall. The engineer was Henry Arbuckle, 
and the locomotive was owned by the Arizona Copper 
Company, and was used on a narrow gauge road be- 
tween Clifton and Metcalf. This was the first railroad 
ever built in Arizona. 

Clifton has excellent public playgrounds for the city's 
children, and public camp grounds for tourists are being 
fitted up. 

Clifton has a modern ice plant with a daily capacity 
of 30 tons, and in connection there is a refrigerating 
plant capable of caring for 25 tons of produce daily. 

The visitor to Clifton who leaves his camera at home 
will have much to regret. The winding roads, the jagged 
crags, the towering peaks, the deep ravines, the vari-hued 
rocks, all offer a rare opportunity to the kodak enthus- 
iast not even surpassed by the famous Grand Canon. 

Some of the most substantial as well as the most 
beautiful buildings in the state are to be found in the 




TOWN HALL AND FIRE STATION, CLIFTON 




CONCRETE BRIDGE— CLIFTON-METCALF HIGHWAY 

city. Among those worthy of mention are the County 
Court House, the City Hall, the Railway Station, the 
Post Office building, the Phelps Dodge Corporation 
buildings, the Church edifices, the School buildings and 
many beautiful residences. 

Clifton's school facilities are equal to those found 
in any modern city. There are five grade schools and a 
well equipped High School in the city. Almost all religious 
denominations are represented, and several of them 
possess beautiful and substantial church edifices. The city 
supports a Masonic lodge, an Eastern Star, Consistry- 
Commandry Club, Harold E. Wilson Post American 
Legion, Elks Lodge, Odd Fellows and Rebecca lodge, 
Knights of P^^thias lodge, and an Alianza Hispano- 
Americano lodge. Clifton can boast of the livest 
Commercial Club in the Southwest, from the standpoint 
of securing improvements for the city and the surround- 
ing country. There is also an excellent Y. M. C. A. 

Clifton is modern in every respect, having one of the 
best sewer systems in the country. The water system is 
the best that can be had, and the electric light plant is 
kept right up to the minute with the latest improved 
power generating machinery. 




A RESIDENCE SCENE AT CLIFTON 



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A RANCH SCENE NEAR CLIFTON 

Concrete retaining walls on either side of the river 
adequately protect the residence and business sections 
of Clifton from flood waters that at times swell the San 
Francisco river, which runs through the city. Not only 
are the banks of the river thus walled, but Chase creek, 
which empties into it, is also safeguarded by concrete 
walls. 

A large smelter owned by the Phelps Dodge Corpora- 
tion is located in Clifton on the San Francisco river, 
about two miles from the heart of the city. The smelter. 




METHODIST CHURCH AT CLIFTON 




CATHOLIC CHURCH AT CLIFTON 

constructed of steel, concrete and tile, is thoroughly 
modern and up-to-date, and was blown in in 1913. 

The capacit}^ of the plant is about 1000 tons of ore 
and concentrate daily, which means that about five 
million pounds of copper bullion is produced from this 
smelter a month. 

To those familiar with the process of producing copper 
a detailed account of the equipment will be interesting. 
There are three 100'x24' Reverberatory furnaces which 
will smelt 400 tons or more of charge, each, per day, 




PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH AT CLIFTON 



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VIEW OF EAGLE RIVER ABOVE THE PUMP STATION OF THE MORENCI WATER CO. 

and these are equipped with seven 713 H.P. Stiriing 
boilers for utihzing the waste heat from the furnace gases. 
Beside these, the plant has four other boilers which are 
direct-fired. There are four stands of 12' diameter Great 
Falls type converters, each with a daily capacity of 
sixty tons of copper. 

There is a central power plant which contains three 
2000 K.W. General Electric turbines, three 10,000 
cubic feet Nordberg blowers and an Ingersoll-Rand 
compressor. 

The smelter contains well built and fully equipped 
shops, warehouses, laboratory, change rooms and office 
building. All the machinery is electrically driven. The 
plant is not surpassed by any of its kind in the country, 
and when running to its full capacity employs about two 
hundred and fifty men. 

Clifton has several large store? that carry the latest 
and best stock obtainable, three hotels, cafes and res- 
taurants, a live newspaper, a sending and receiving 









1^ 





PUMP STATION OF THE MORENCI WATER CO. 




A VIEW OF MORENCI 

Radio station and two banks as strong as any in the 
country. 

The First National Bank of Chfton was chartered in 
1901, and is the only National Bank in Greenlee county. 
In 1921 the Peoples Bank and Trust Company was con- 
solidated with and became a part of the First National 
Bank with a capitahzation of $100,000.00, and a surplus 
of $20,000.00. The total assets of the bank are $962,- 
486.32, which makes it one of the best and strongest 
banks in the country. The officers and directors are 
numbered among the most substantial and successful 
business men of Clifton. 

The Valley Bank is a branch of the Valley Bank of 
Phoenix and a separate report of any individual branch 
is impossible, for one unit is as the whole and the whole 
as one unit. It is a miUion dollar institution, and the 
Clifton branch is one of the most prosperous. 

Clifton is the most cosmopolitan city imaginable, as 
one finds a large number of college graduates associating 
with the common miner, for the miner and common lab- 
orer of Clifton is not the rough element one is accustomed 
to connect with the mining camp, but they rank above 





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MORENCI CLUB— PHELPS DODGE CORPORATION 




VIEW OF EAGLE RIVER CANYON BELOW PUMP STATION OF THE MORENCI WATER CO. 

the average in being well informed and having more than 
ordinary ability. 

An hour's drive from Clifton one may enjoy a summer 
at an elevation of 7000 feet, where are found the big 
pines, the pinon, the cypress, the cedar, the juniper, the 
spruce, the fir, the buck, the live oak and the manzanita. 
This is at what is known as Granville. A few miles farther 
on is Gray's Peak, at an elevation of 7500 feet, and there 
are several cottages at this point where the business men 
of Clifton and Morenci spend the week-ends with their 
families. 

Clifton is the shipping point of the cattle industry of 
northern Greenlee county. The range cattle of Greenlee 
county are the best in the country, and some of the 
largest cattle outfits in the state are located in this 
county; among those worthy of mention are the Toles 
Cosper, the Double Circle and the Lazy B. 

When the Springerville road, which will connect with 
the National auto roads of the north as well as those of 




GENERAL OFFICE. PHELPS DODGE CORPORATION. MORENCI 



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INTERIOR VIEW. GENERAL OFFICE, PHELPS DODGE CORPORATION, MORENCI 

the south, is finished, there will doubtless be sawmills 
established at various points in the mountains among 
the big pines, as this will be an outlet for the lumber by 
auto truck to shipping points. According to a government 
report there is now available of white and yellow pine, 
Douglas and white fir, and spruce, a total of 625,147,815 
feet, board measure. 

MORENCI 

THERE is surprise in store for the stranger on his 
first visit to Morenci. After leaving Clifton there 
is a seven mile drive over one of the best and most 
fascinating mountain auto roads ever built. All at once 
one finds himself driving up a narrow canon into the very 
heart of the city, with beautiful little homes up the sides 




PHELPS DODGE CORPORATION HOSPITAL, MORENCI 




PHELPS DODGE MERCANTILE COMPANY STORE 

of the mountains that surround him hke an ampi- 
theatre. Massive buildings meet his gaze on every side 
of the canon, and he stands amazed that man has ac- 
complished such wonders where nature was lavish in 
piling up mountains and opening deep canons, that 
make it almost inaccessible to a human being. 

The city of Morenci is practically owned by the Phelps 
Dodge Corporation, and this in a measure accounts for 
the magnificence of public and private buildings, and the 
systematic way in which all are cared for. It is doubtful 
if there is another mining city in the world that can 
equal Morenci for elegance. 

Of course Morenci has the ideal Arizona climate, with an 
elevation of 4,839 feet, and a normal population of about 
9000. It has two splendid hotels and the Morenci Club, 
owned and maintained by the Phelps Dodge Corporation 




HOTEL MOHENCL MORENCI 




MORENCI STATE BANK 

for the benefit of its employees. This building contains 
a movie theatre, a confectionery, pool and billiard tables, 
a reading room and auditorium. 

The city of Morenci has several societies, among them 
the Masonic, Odd Fellows, Woodmen, Woodmen Circle, 
Knights of Pythias, Rebeccas, Alianza Hispano-Ameri- 
cano and Lloyd C. Hill Post American Legion. 

The Phelps Dodge Corporation has about fifteen 
miles of surface railroad in the city. They maintain 
their own saw mill and cut all their own mine timbers in 
this mill. They also have a Corporation Hospital with 
the latest equipment, including an X-ray outfit, latest 
improved operating tables and surgical instruments. 
One chief surgeon and two assistants with three trained 
nurses are in attendance. 

Morenci has two banks, garages, stores, an ice plant, 
a high and grammar school and grade schools, beside 
the corporation buildings. 




INTERIOR VIEW OF THE VALLEY BANK. MORENCI 



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PRESBYTERIAN CHAPEL, MORENCI 

Morenci has one of the finest school buildings and 
equipment in the state. One building houses both the 
high and grammar schools, the building being divided 
at the main entrance so that on entering the pupils can 
go to their respective sides without confusion. The 
building has no stairs, but rubber covered inclines are 
used from one story to another. The class rooms are 
unique, being well lighted, and having concealed cloak 
rooms at the rear, which are opened and closed by sliding 
panel doors hung on weights. 

The auditorium is conceded by all who have seen 
it to be the most complete in the southwest. It has 
a seating capacity of over 500 and the stage, which is 
80x40 feet, is so arranged that it is used as a gymnasium 
by means of a wire curtain, so that basket ball can be 
played. Each of the recitation rooms accommodates 
20 to 25 pupils, and all the rooms are well hghted and 
perfectly ventilated, having a suction fan that draws 
all the foul air from every floor. The spiral fire escape 
is another feature of the building. 

The chemical laboratory and the general science labora- 




LONGFELLOW INCLINE SHOWING CLIFTON-METCALF ROAD AT BOTTOM OF CANYON 




ON THE SPRINGERVILLE ROAD ABOVE METCALF 

tory are both equipped with the largest assortment of 
apparatus of any school in the state. The home economics 
and domestic science departments are both complete 
with modern appliances. The manual training includes 
a woodworking and a mechanical department. 

In normal times the school employs fifty teachers and 
there are about fifteen hundred students. The high and 
grammar school property is valued at $180,000.00, 
while the two grade schools are valued at $167,000.00, 
thus making the total value of Morenci's school property 
$347,000.00. 




A BEAUTIFUL VIEW OF THE SPRINGERVILLE ROAD 




MORENCI, SHOWING SCHOOL BUILDINGS IN FOREGROUND 

The Morenci State Bank began business in 1912 with 
a capitalization of $30,000.00. The maximum resources 
have reached $450,000.00 in the ten years of the bank's 
existence, and a $30,000.00 surplus has been built up, 
SO that today it has a working capital of $60,000.00. 

The Morenci branch of the Valley Bank of Phoenix 
was the second of the ten branches of that institution to 
be started. It was opened in 1902, and each unit is con- 
sidered a part of the whole, so that a report made for 
one unit is made for the whole. In fact no separate 
reports are made of the branches. The capital and sur- 
plus of the entire system is $1,000,000.00, and the total 
resources $9,000,000.00. 

The Phelps Dodge Corporation concentrator No. 6 is 
located at Morenci, and is one of the most complete 




ON THE METCALF ROAD ABOVE CLIFTON 









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A MOUNTAIN VIEW ALONG THE SPRINGERVILLE ROAD 

plants of the kind in the country. The ore is hoisted 
through the shaft to the head of the concentrator in 
5-ton skips and dumped into a 1000-ton steel bin from 
which it is fed to the crushing plant. After the ore is 
crushed it is carried on a traveling belt to the storage 
bins, and is fed from these bins by means of automatic 
feeders. The ore is screened on electrically vibrated 
tables, and all the ore passing through the screens goes 
directly to the Wilfiej^ tables for the first concentrating 
operation. All the screen oversize is then passed through 
eight pairs of 43" rolls, which reduce it to a size that 
will pass through the screens to which it is returned. 

There are 28 Wilfley tables used to perform the first 
concentrating operation, recovering about 200 tons of 
concentrate daily. The residue is then ground to a size 
that will pass through a screen having 48 openings to 
the linear inch, and this size is treated by the flotation 
process for the recovery of the remaining mineral. 

The flotation cells used are of the Callow pneumatic 
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METCALF ROAD SHOWING RAILROAD IN CANYON 



bottoms; under are air chambers connecting with air 
compressing machines. 

Ball mills are used in grinding the ore to prepare it 
for the flotation process. These consist of iron cylinders 
8' in diameter and 12' long over all, and are charged 
with from 10 to 15 tons of circular cast iron balls two 
and one-half inches in diameter. The cylinders rotating 
cascades of the ball charge causes it to grind the ore 
charge as it passes through the mill. Special flotation 
reagents are added in the mills during the grinding pro- 
cess. These reagents have a selective action for copper 
mineral grains, and with the compressed air blown 
through the canvas bottoms form a froth of bubbles 
which conveys the mineral over the sides of the flotation 
machines. This froth is collected in large dewatering 
tanks. About 350 gallons of fresh water is used in con- 
centrating a ton of ore. 

All the taihng material is collected in a flume which 
delivers it to the tailing dams, three and one-half miles 
away where it is stored, but before the tailing 
material leaves the concentrator about 65 per cent of 
its water content is removed to dewatering tanks and 
pumped to the head of the concentrator to be re-used. 

The principal mining in and around Morenci is for 
copper ore. Active mining operations began in this 
district fifty years ago, in the year 1872. Morenci is 
the oldest porphyry camp in the state. 

The principal properties of the district, including the 
Stevens Copper Mining Company, the Shannon Copper 
Company, the Arizona Copper Company, and the 
Detroit Copper Mining Company have been merged and 
were acquired by the Phelps Dodge Corporation in 1921. 
The holdings of the Corporation consist of 10,000 acres of 
mineral ground which is 10 miles long and 7 miles wide. 
One hundred and ten miles of underground workings 
are open, of which twenty miles are equipped with 
electric haulage. The district has produced as high as 
80,000,000 pounds of copper per year. The principal 



systems of mining employed are caving, top slicing and 
shrinkage. In normal times there are employed in the 
district approximately 2500 men. 

Morenci has a very unique water system. The domestic 
supply is derived from wells and the industrial supply is 
taken from the Eagle river through a series of tunnels, 
flumes, ditches and basins. The pumping plant is located 
about six miles southwest of Morenci in the Eagle River 
canon. The pumping equipment has a capacity of 3,000 
gallons per minute under a head of 750 pounds per square 
inch. Each of the three pumps is directly connected into 
a ten inch main. The three ten inch transmission mains 
are each approximately five miles in length and discharge 
into two 500,000 gallon storage tanks located on a hill 
above Morenci. The water is distributed by gravity from 
these through over 100,000 feet of mains varying in size 
from 14 inch to M inch. This system furnishes the entire 
domestic and industrial water supply of Morenci and 
Metcalf. 

Nature in ages past must have played many pranks 
in the formation of the mountains in and around Morenci. 
Lying along side of what is probably the largest body of 
copper ore in the state of Arizona is a large body of silver 
ore which contains no trace of copper. 

The reason for the presence of copper in one ore and 
the absence of it in another, in the same district, is one of 
the secrets of nature which man cannot explain. The 
Stargo Mines, Incorporated, have taken advantage of 
this natural occurrence of silver in a copper district and 
are erecting a mill to extract the silver values by using a 
watery solution of cyanide to dissolve the silver. As the 
silver is dissolved in the solution it is recovered by pre- 
cipitating it with a zinc dust. The mill when completed 
will have a daily capacity of 75 tons of ore. The Stargo 
holdings embrace more than 400 acres of mineral land 
upon which are several veins of silver ore. 

It is the plan of the ©wners of the Stargo to increase 
the capacity of their plant by adding units to the mill 



as the occasion demands. The mining and milUng of 
this ore will require a large number of men and afford 
a good market for all kinds of supplies, especially pro- 
visions and farm produce. 

METCALF 

METCALF is located nine miles above Clifton on 
the Springerville road. It is a part of the holdings 
of the Phelps Dodge Corporation and within the 
bounds of this town are some of the richest mines of the 
Corporation. Like Clifton and Morenci, this camp is 
surrounded by a wonderful scenic beauty. 

Metcalf has a high school and grade schools, a first 
class department store and bank. A narrow gauge rail- 
road from Clifton runs into the camp. This line is the 
oldest railroad in Arizona. 

A corporation hospital is maintained at this place with 
a staff of competent physicians and nurses. 

If any of our readers desire further information con- 
cerning the resources of Greenlee county, the location 
of mining prospects, vacation possibilities, hunting, 
fishing, or in fact anything about the county, they will 
receive detailed information by addressing either of the 
Commercial Clubs of the county, at Duncan or Clifton. 




